搶救「波妞」大作戰~健康生活･環境行動
新北市自然輔導團團員 楊仁理
壹、錯戴玻璃頭盔的小金魚「波妞」
人們享受著科技與經濟發展所帶來的便利與好處，卻也因著過度的耗費資源以及長期忽視環保概念，導致生活環境的破壞與大量垃圾的堆積，已經使得原本美麗的臺灣變得面目全非。這些廢棄物每年正以數億計的速度流入海洋中，數量多達1,000萬噸，而且垃圾種類繁多，有塑膠袋、裝沐浴乳的塑膠瓶、拖鞋、兒童玩具、輪胎、塑膠飲料罐甚至塑膠泳等，垃圾所在海域的海水都充斥著有毒的化學物和細小的塑膠碎片。有些塑膠因光照碎裂後，形成另一種汙染，被低階浮游生物攝取後進入了食物鏈，最後被可愛的小金魚「波妞」、海鳥、其他海洋動物當成食物吞到肚子裏，導致牠們生病甚至死亡，嚴重破壞海洋生態的平衡（圖一）。
圖一、海洋生物誤食塑膠垃圾造成的危害。（引用來源: Google）
貳、跟著齊柏林與宮崎駿一起上天下海
齊柏林導演的「看見臺灣」影片讓我們看見臺灣環境的破壞與大量垃圾的堆積，河川吸納工廠的非法排放、有毒化學物質污染水源，破壞海洋生態。使原本美麗的島嶼面目全非，嚴重影響我們的居住品質與安全。
宮崎駿畫筆下的「崖上的波妞」爸爸—藤本教授以前是居住於陸地的人類，但因為嫌惡大地日漸遭受污染，隱身於海洋陸棚底層的珊瑚塔，專心研究魔法，抽取、精煉海洋深層水—生命之水，儲存在珊瑚塔中，想要用生命之水，使地球到轉回到泥盆紀的純淨「海洋世代」。
齊柏林導演與宮崎駿一直以關心愛護環境與生態的保育，範圍包括對陸地與海洋環境的污染，影片中都充滿了嚮往自然的純樸與對『大地生命源頭—海洋』的感情。帶領人們注意臺灣與世界各地層出不窮汙染事件，以及海洋環境受到破壞的問題，更說明在人類追求高品質生活時，正威脅著陸上、海上、空中生物的生存環境。
參、具體的環境行動
一、淨灘田野調查
圖二、新北市淡水河口；崁入圖：新北市八里區左岸觀海大道西側灘地，圈內為淨灘區域。（繪製來源:Google）
二、環境現況告示板、汙染事件地球儀製作與運用
淨灘時撿到很多垃圾，包括紙類、塑膠袋、吸管、保麗龍、浮球……。特別的是這裡又沒有燒王船或鹽水蜂炮這些慶典。塑膠袋、瓶蓋和玩具原本都不應該出現在這裡，有可能是因為塑膠很輕，會隨著溪流漂過來，也可能是人們從事休閒活動所留下來的。告示板是為了告訴大家製造的垃圾量，讓人們減少垃圾的製造。我們在淨灘拾獲的塑膠浮球上標示出地球上的海洋與陸地，並依照世界的主要污染分布分別標示，讓小朋友更容易了解我們居住環境的狀況。
圖三、告示板製作
圖四、汙染分布地球儀製作
三、淨灘統計資料QR code定期發布
不論是八里左岸或是國際淨灘資料顯示，組成與數量居冠的都是不能分解的塑膠類廢棄物。相信我們環境告示牌以及QR
code定期更新淨灘資料，可警示大家對環境保護的意識（圖五）。
圖五、八里左岸淨灘廢棄物分類結果與QR Code應用
四、環境小拜倫
世界名人與思想家對環境有感而發的至理名言、配合圖板與背景音樂PO至Youtube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIU_5dYZpnk&feature=youtu.be)。
肆、多元尊重 • 物我同心 • 永續關懷 • 同享晴空
從八里到全臺灣，乃至整個地球，廢棄物皆嚴重汙染海洋，這些垃圾雖可輕易地離開陸地，但打撈費時費力且破壞生物棲地、更有甚者進入生物食物鏈，造成物種死亡、生態平衡崩解，海洋資源減少，最後受害者還是人類，每個人都應一齊扮演好「世界公民」的角色，努力維持海洋生態並減少海洋垃圾汙染。
Saving Ponyo—Healthy Life and
Environmental Actions
R,L,Young
張凱復 英譯
Ponyo, a Little
Gold Fish with a Glass Helmet
Focus One
Under a peaceful
and calm sea, Ponyo, an energetic little gold fish driven by her curiosity
hitching a ride from the jelly fish and swam straight up to the surface of
the ocean. Unexpectedly, she was
caught in a fishing net and got stuck in a jar and then washed away to the
tidal zone. Luckily, she was saved by a young boy, Sosuke.
There was trash littered here and there along the coastline. This
picture told us that neither waste, nor litter at will. We can make the best
use of things we have in hand.
Focus Two
Ponyo saw the ship
wreck yard and large garbage thrown away by human beings. On the contrary,
she also saw the purity of
Devonian. Nature of 300 million years ago
was totally demolished. Professor
Fujimoto disliked the pollution caused by
human’s selfishness and thereafter led his life under the sea. However, his
daughter continuously went ashore. He tried many time to find her daughter
back by stopping Sosuke. Finally, all ended well.
This helped us witness the greatness of affections.
Focus Three
Ponyo liked Sosuke
and tasted his blood then changed into a half mermaid. Ponyo’s father did
not approve her boyfriend while her mother agreed. If Sosuke turns away and
leaves Ponyo, she will die. Fortunately, the story had a perfect ending. We
should therefore protect the ocean.
While enjoying the
convenience of technology and economic growth, we have made Formosa beyond
recognition because of energy over-consumption and neglecting the concepts
of environmental protection. Billion tons of waste like plastic bags,
bottles, slippers, toys, tires and swimsuits was brought into the ocean
every year. These waters occupied by waste contain poisonous chemicals and
tiny plastic debris. Some plastic was shattered by sun exposure and caused
another pollution and then absorbed by plankton and entered the food chain.
The plankton is food to other marine life but could make them ill or dead
which can severely break the balance of marine biology.
Follow Director P.L.Chi and Miyazaki Hayao
The documentary, Beyond Beauty--Taiwan
from above, directed by Mr. Chi has drown the audience attention to the
destruction of the environment, piling of trash, illegal wasted water
emission and poisonous chemicals contaminating water sources. These had
posted serious threats to our living quality and safety.
Professor Fujimoto, Father of Ponyo in the
story, Ponyo on the Cliff written by Miyazaki Hayao once lived on the land.
Disliking the gradually-polluted earth, he moved to the coral tower on
continental shelf under the sea and devoted himself to the magic to
extracting the water of life. With the water of life, he can reverse the
earth to the pure era of
Devonian.
Both Director Chi and Miyazaki Hayao have
been caring about the preservation of the environment and biology. They
showed great affections toward the ocean and made people aware of the
environmental protection which also indicated that we should not forget the
hidden threat which may come after the so-called high quality life.
Specific Environmental Protection Actions
Beach Cleansing Field Research
Estuary of Tamsui River（Google Map）
Environmental
Billboard of the Status Quo, and the Globe of Contamination
During beach
cleansing, we collected much waste like paper, plastic bags, straws, flush
balls, etc. The garbage was not supposed to drift here but due to the
lightness of the plastic and human recreation. The billboard was to set tell
people to reduce the amount of trash. And we marked the land and the ocean
and the major pollution on the globe so that the students can understand the
situations of our surroundings. Regular updating of Beaching Cleansing
Data
The data collected indicated the top-ranked waste was
indecomposable plastic. We believe our billboard and beach cleansing data
can arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
Little Byrons
We uploaded
some video clips of environmental protection related quotations to YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIU_5dYZpnk&feature=youtu.be)
Respect and
Everlasting Development
From Bali, Taiwan to the whole earth, waste has polluted the ocean
seriously. The garbage can be washed away into the ocean easily. But, it has
been extremely exhausted to be rid of. What’s even worse, when the waste
enters the food chain, it will cause life casualties, biological balance
collapse, marine resources reducing. In the end, we all suffered. Everyone
should take the responsibility of being a good global citizen to maintain
marine biology and decrease marine waste pollution.
